The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in the mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. Thanks to strong foreign investment and the cooperation between the FUJIMORI government and the IMF and World Bank, growth was strong in 1994-97 and inflation was brought under control. In 1998.

El Nino's impact on agriculture, the financial crisis in Asia, and instability in Brazilian markets undercut growth. And 1999 was another lean year for Peru, with the aftermath of El Nino and the Asian financial crisis working its way through the economy. Political instability resulting from the presidential election and FUJIMORI's subsequent departure from office limited economic growth in 2000.

US$8.38 billion (through April 3, 2001).

S/.188.21 billion (around US$54 billion) through December 12, 2000.

GDP - real growth rate:

3.6% (2000 est.).

GDP - per capita:

Purchasing power parity - $4,550 (2000 est.).

GDP - composition by sector:

Agriculture: 15%

Industry: 42%

Services: 43% (1999)

Population below poverty line:

49% (1994 est.)

Lowest 10%: 1.9%

Highest 10%: 34.3% (1994)

3.7% (2000 est.)

7.6 million (1996 est.)

Agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport, services.

7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)

Revenues: $8.5 billion

Expenditures: $9.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $2 billion (1996 est.)

Mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication.

8.5% (2000 est.)

18.886 billion kWh (1999)

Fossil fuel: 23.04%

Hydro: 76.43%

Nuclear: 0%

Other: 0.53% (1999)

17.565 billion kWh (1999)

0 kWh (1999)

1 million kWh (1999)

Coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products, wool; fish.

US$7 billion (through December 12, 2000).
 

Main export products:

Minerals (copper, gold, silver, lead, zinc), fishing products (mainly fishmeal), cotton, textiles.

Exports - partners: (1999).

US 29%,

EU 25%,

China 7.3%

Switzerland 6.1%

Andean Community 6%,

Germany 5.7%

Japan 4%,

Mercosur 3%

US$7.33 billion (through December 12, 2000).

Direct Foreign Investment:

US$9.75 billion (through December 12, 2000).

Machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals.

US 32%.

EU 21%.

Andean Community 6%.

Mercosur 8%.

Japan 5% (1999).

$31 billion (2000 est.)

$895.1 million (1995)

Nuevo sol (PEN)

Nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.5230 (January 2001), 3.4900 (2000), 3.383 (1999), 2.930 (1998), 2.664 (1997), 2.453 (1996).